عوامل اجتماعی اثرگذار بر شناخت افراد از علل فقر در شهر اصفهان (ارائه مدلی برای سنجش پنداشت از فقر در ایران)

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی : ... (با ذکر دقیق نوع فعالیت علمی)

نویسنده

گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مسئله فقر در دهه‌های گذشته، گفتمان غالب در ایران بوده است؛ سیاستمداران اغلب علت و ریشه فقر را بیرونی می‌دانند و نقش عوامل داخلی را در گسترش آن کم‌اهمیت می‌دانند. آگاهی از نظرات و دیدگاه‌های مردم دربارة فقر می‌تواند شناخت بهتری از موضوع و ارزش‌های پذیرفته شده آنان در جهت نیل به کاهش فقر به برنامه‌ریزان اجتماعی ارائه کند. بنابراین هدف اصلی پژوهش شناخت علل فقر (جبرگرایانه، فردگرایانه، ساختارگرایانه) بر اساس مقوله‌های جامعه‌شناختی و اقتصادی است.
پژوهش به شیوه کمّی و با تکنیک پیمایش انجام شده است. جامعه آماری شهر اصفهان است. با ابزار پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته اطلاعات لازم از نمونه آماری (397 نفر) گردآوری شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، از آمار‌های توصیفی و استنباطی، با نرم‌افزارهای spss و مدل معادله ساختاری pls استفاده شده است.
متغیرهای زمینه‌ای و ابعاد فقر عینی و ذهنی مجموعاً توانسته‌اند 97/0 از تغییرات درک از فقر در ابعاد سه‌گانه فردگرایانه، ساخت‌گرایانه و جبرگرایانه را تبیین کنند. هرچه وضعیت مالی خانوارها بهتر باشد، تبیین فقر بر مبانی معرف‌های فردگرایانه بیشتر است.
آگاهی از افکار عمومی به ما این امکان را می‌دهد که تصویر افراد به حاشیه رانده شده اجتماعی را در جامعه خود شناسایی کنیم و اینکه چه نوع معیارهایی از سیاست اجتماعی که عموم مردم آن را مشروع می‌دانند، شناسایی شود. ارایه راهکارها برای کاهش فقر، بسته به اینکه افراد خود را جزء فقرای عینی یا ذهنی یا غیرفقیر بدانند، متفاوت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Social factors affecting people's understanding of the causes of poverty in Isfahan city (Providing a model to measure the perception of poverty in Iran)

نویسنده [English]

  • Hasanreza Yosofvand
Department of Sociology, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Email: yosofvand@pnu.ac.ir
چکیده [English]

The issue of poverty has been the dominant discourse in Iran in the past decades; politicians often ascribe the cause and root of poverty to external factors and underestimate the role of internal factors in its spread. Understanding people's views about poverty can give social planners a better insight into the issue and their accepted values in order to reduce poverty. Therefore, the main goal of the present research is to identify the causes of poverty (i.e., deterministic, individualistic, structural) with reference to sociological and economic categories.
The research employed a quantitative method and was conducted as a survey. The statistical population was based is the city of Isfahan. The required data was collected from a sample of 397 people using a researcher-made questionnaire. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using the SPSS and the pls structural equation model.
contextual variables and the dimensions of objective and subjective poverty were found to account for 0.97 of the changes in the understanding of poverty along the three dimensions of individualism, constructivism and individualism. The better the financial status of the households, the more the explanation of poverty based on individualistic factors.
Awareness of public opinion allows us to identify the image of socially marginalized people in our society as well as the kind of social policy criteria that the public considers legitimate. Proposed solutions to reduce poverty differ depending on whether people consider themselves to be objectively or mentally poor or non-poor.
Deterministic understanding, structuralist understanding, individualistic understanding, subjective poverty, objective poverty understanding, Isfahan city

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deterministic understanding
  • structuralist understanding
  • individualistic understanding
  • subjective poverty
  • objective poverty understanding
  • Isfahan city

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توسعه محلی (روستائی-شهری)
دوره 15، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 29
پائیز و زمستان 1402
اسفند 1402
صفحه 447-465

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