The Right to City Scale Validation (Case Study: Maku City Residents over the Age of 20)

Authors

1 Department Social Sciences, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

2 Department Social Science, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

The right to the city is a significant and contemplative notion within the realm of contemporary theories of citizenship rights. Its development persisted beyond Lefebvre’s 1968 proposal, manifesting itself in the theoretical contributions of Harvey, Purcell, and others. This study investigated the validity of the questionnaire-based right-to-the-city measurement instrument, as described in the aforementioned passage.
The research employs a survey methodology with the objective of creating instruments. The statistical population for the research comprises citizens aged 20 years and older residing in the city of Maku. A cluster sampling technique was employed to select 115 residents of this city as the statistical sample. The data was gathered via questionnaire and analyzed utilizing the software programs SPSS and LISREL. In addition to Cronbach’s alpha statistics, composite reliability (CR), and confirmatory factor analysis were employed to validate the measurement models of the right to city factors.
The examination of the eight components comprising the right to the city yielded the following conclusions: social inclusion, social justice, urban participation, the right to urban health, belonging to the city, diversity, and urban vitality were validated, as indicated by their combined reliability exceeding 0.6, factor loadings surpassing 0.3, and t coefficients surpassing 1.96. However, the validity of the right to be distinct factor was not established, as the t-coefficient values of the remaining items in the factor’s measurement model were all below 1.96.
The scale described, along with its components, possesses the capability to elucidate the framework of the right to the city. Moreover, this instrument can be employed to quantify the right to the city

Keywords

References

  • Ahmadi, M., Hataminejad, H., Pourahmad, A., Ziyari, K., & Zanganeh Shahraki, S. (2018). Investigating and analyzing the variables of the right to urban health (Case study: Bojnourd city). Journal of Geographical Research in Urban Planning, 7(2), 285-309. (In Persian)
  • Aladdini, P., & Jamshidi Nesab, M. (2014). Mehr House and right to the city of new congregations: a case study of Parand project. Rural-Urban Local Development (Rural Development), 7(2), 241-258. https://doi.org/10.22059/jurbangeo.2019.275558.1055 (In Persian)
  • Vaddiraju, A. K. (2016). Urban governance and right to the city. Economic and Political Weekly, 21-23.
  • Araei, V., Ghasemi, A., & Moinifar, Y. (2016). Policy recommendations of the obstacles to the realization of good governance in public affairs administration (Case study: governorship and municipality of Minodasht city). Strategic Studies of Public Policy, 7(25), 113-133. (In Persian)
  • Bassett, S. M. (2013). The role of spatial justice in the regeneration of urban spaces. Groningen, The Netherlands. MUP Cap ‏
  • Ebrahimi, M., Alavi, S. A., Meshkini, A., & Sadri, H. (1378). A new approach in urban development based on the right to the city approach. Knowledge of Urban Planning, 6(2), 61-85. https://doi.org/10.22124/upk.2022.21835.1742 (In Persian)
  • Fani, Z., & Ahmadi, L. (2019). Women and the search for the right to the city in gendered sidewalks (Case study: District 6 of Tehran Municipality). Social Development Quarterly, 15(1), 71-100. (In Persian)
  • Habibi, S. M., & Amiri, M. (2014). Right to the city; the existing city and the desirable city of what is and what should be. Iranian Anthropological Researches (Journal of Social Science), 5(2), 9-30. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijar.2015.59014 (In Persian)
  • Harvey, D. (2008) The Right to the city. New Left Review, 53, 23–40.
  • Ishtiaghi, M., Sharepour, M., & Fadeli, M. (2019). A phenomenological study of the lived experience of Tehrani citizens from the themes of citizenship rights (Case study: public transportation in Tehran). Social Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 17(2), 91-123. https://doi.org/10.22067/social.2021.68124.1004 (In Persian)
  • Kazemi, K., & Tophangchi Mahiari, M. (2016). Globalization and its impact on the right to the city. Urban Management, 16(46), 61-70. (In Persian)
  • Ketabchi, E., &Valibeigi, M. (2019). The role of the right to the city in promoting citizenship rights. Journal of Architecture, 3(16), 1-14. (In Persian)
  • Khodayari Motlaq, S., Sharepour, M., & Tulai, N. (2016). Investigating the effect of urban space desirability indicators on the degree of realization of the right to the city (Case study: Babolsar city). Journal of Sociology of Social Institutions, 4(9), 189-225. https://doi.org/10.22080/ssi.2017.1564 (In Persian)
  • Lim, S. B., Mazhar, M. U., Malek, J. A., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2021). The right or wrong to the City? Understanding citizen participation in the pre-and post-COVID-19 Eras in Malaysia. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(4), 238.
  • Madah, Homa & Roshanfekr, Payam (2014). The right to the city, from thought to action, Haft Shahr Magazine, 4(49-50),73-58(In Persain)
  • Ma, L., Kent, J. L., & Mulley, C. (2018). Transport disadvantage, social exclusion, and subjective well-being. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 11(1), 31-47.
  • Merrifield, A. (2011). The right to the city and beyond: notes on a Lefebvrian re-conceptualization. City, 15(3-4), 473-481.
  • Mohammadi, M., & Kazemi, K. (2019). Rereading an urban plan using the concept of the right to the city - Arsh Ajudaniye commercial complex in Tehran. Urban and Regional Development Planning Quarterly, 5(15), 89-117. https://doi.org/10.22054/urdp.2021.56519.1264 (In Persian)
  • Muluneh, M. D., Stulz, V., Francis, L., & Agho, K. (2020) Gender based violence against women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 903.‏
  • Piri, A., Qolipour, S., & Amiri, N. (2018). The right to the city of Sadeghieh neighborhood in the metropolis of Kermanshah. International Political Economy Studies, 2(2), 687-712. https://doi.org/10.22126/ipes.2020.4484.1171 (In Persian)
  • Pourmohammadi, M. R., Rausti, Sh., & Khizranjad, P. (2018). Investigating the role of the right to the city on the sense of belonging among gender groups (Case study: Urmia public spaces). Urban Planning Geographical Research Quarterly, 7(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.22059/jurbangeo.2019.253785.878 (In Persian)
  • Rahbari, L., & Sharapour, M. (2011). Gender and the right to the city: Testing Lefebvre's theory in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 15(1), 116-141. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17351901.1393.15.1.5.2 (In Persian)
  • Rafiyan, M., & Alvandipour, N., (2014). Conceptualizing the idea of ​​the right to the city, in search of a conceptual model. Iranian Journal of Sociology, 16(2), 25-47. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.17351901.1394.16.2.2.8 (In Persian)
  • Safari, M., Shamai, A., Mowahed, A., & Shah Hosseini, P. (2019). The effect of presence in the women's space on women's right to the city with the moderating role of motivation (Case study: women's parks in Isfahan). Rural-Urban Local Development (Rural Development), 12(2), 415-445. 22059/JRD.2021.313733.668599 (In Persian)
  • Sanai, M., Fafadar Suraki, R., & Atefi, K. (2022). Measuring the spatial differences of the realization of the right to participate and assigning the city to oneself in the light of the idea of ​​the right to the city in the city of Hachiroud-Chalos. Urban Environment Planning and Development, 2(5), 45-60. 30495/juepd.2023.1984805.1184(In Persian)
  • Sharapour, M., Rifatjah, M., & Rahbari, L. (2014). The position of Tehrani citizens in Arnstein's ladder: A gender analysis of the participatory dimension of the right to the city. Social Welfare Quarterly, 15(57), 177-203. (In Persian)
  • Veisi, F. E., & Charejo, F. (2021). Explaining the role of factors affecting place belonging in urban contexts (case study: old, middle, new and marginal contexts of Sanandaj city). Journal of Geography and Urban Space Development, 8(1), 165-184. https://doi.org/10.22067/jgusd.2021.67174.0 (In Persian)
  • Zare Shahabadi, A., Foundation, L., & Gholami, M. (2019). Investigating the relationship between the right to the city and the feeling of social security among the citizens of Yazd. Regional Planning Scientific Quarterly, 10(39), 109-124. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.22516735.1399.10.39.8.0 (In Persian)
  • Zumelzu, A. & Estrada, M. & Moya, M. & Troppa, J. (2022) Experiencing public spaces in southern chile: analyzing the effects of the built environment on walking perceptions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12577.‏

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics