A Theoretical Pattern of Individual and Collective Empowerment as the Freedom In the Community with an Emphasis on Kant’s and Amartya Sen’s Views

Authors

1 Full Professor of the Department of Social & Institutional Economic, University of Tehran

2 PhD in Sociology, Social and Rural Development Studies, University of Tehran

3 M. A. of Science in Social Sciences

Abstract

Development is a process of increasing the range of choices including new ones. The ultimate goal all human actions is Freedom. Actions in order to increase control of managing life, authority, power of bargaining power and expansion of human choices. Empowerment is an associated concept with the authority and ability of individuals to gain more control over their lives. So the question arises is that “If the ultimate goal is human freedom and the realization of the "man without a guardian and protector", what causes and obstacles can limit the flourishing of human potentials and abilities in this way? Or how the empowerment process can help to realize human freedom? The theoretical structure of the paper is mostly based on theoretical perspectives of Immanuel Kant and Amartya Sen about freedom and empowerment which have been developed. Sen believes Freedom as the central point in the process of development. “Man” at the Sen‘s points of view are both means and ends to achieve social gains. Man is understood as realization of Highest Good in more subjective approach and from the higher level of abstraction by Kant. He believes freedom is founded upon the possibility of realizing the good, or “an Excellence of Moral Development”. Kant understood man with a special characteristic named autonomy. He believed to be autonomous does not just involve ruling oneself, but involves giving law for a possible Community or Realm of ends, which involves the idea than in autonomous law-giving, one is giving law both for oneself and for others. Subsequently institutions are important in to this theoretical points of view because institutions are the manifestation of collective action. Such a change in human kind means booming subjective and objective abilities makes possibility of change in to the belief systems of man which is established and continued by Institutions as Collective Actions.

Keywords

References

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Community Development (Rural and Urban)
Volume 9, Issue 1 - Serial Number 16
publication date: March, 2018
March 2017
Pages 27-50

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