In this essay after reviewing studies on rural communities with historical and documentary methods, the process of emerging rural studies have been analyzed in three groups. The first group includes monographs and writings which studied the rural society generally. These studies don't have theoretical orientation to rural society and can be dividing into two categories as general and special. However, monographic reports are two groups. Some of them are supplements to socioeconomic studies that have been conducted in rural areas and others are independent reports. The second group is historical and theoretical studies. They have theoretical orientation; methodology based on historical documents historical analysis, and often had been affected by ideological values. ......
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