The Faculty of Social Sciences, University of TehranCommunity Development (Rural and Urban Communities)2008-89814220130219Socio-historical analysis of outcomes of modern elements in Kurdish (Rural areas of Mokerian)Socio-historical analysis of outcomes of modern elements in Kurdish (Rural areas of Mokerian)1243028410.22059/jrd.2013.30284FAMostafaAzkiaRashidAhmadrashJournal Article19700101نزدیک به یک قرن و در دوره تاریخ معاصر ایران، شاهد تغییرات عمدهای در جنبههای مختلف زندگی جامعه شهری و روستایی ایران، به طور کلی و جامعه شهری و روستایی کردستان به طور اخص بودهایم. دامنه و شدت تغییرات مذکور، تا حدی بوده که میتوان ادعا کرد "زیست-جهان" فرد ایرانی را به نحو فراوانی دگرگون کرده است. جامعه مورد بررسی ما نیز با تلاش کم نسل اول برای حفظ ارزشهای سنتی، برای نمونه در حوزههای مذهب، خانواده، مسایل فرهنگی و اجتماعی و نیز با تلاش مضاعف نسل جوان جامعه روبروست که سازگاری بسیار بیشتری با عناصر مدرنی مانند تحصیلات نوین، رسانههای گروهی، ارزشهای دنیوی و مظاهر زندگی شهری با رویکرد مصرف و رفاه دارد. اما شایان ذکر است که همه جوامع انسانی و از جمله، جامعه کردستان درگیر فرایند پویا، همیشگی و توأمان "سنتزدایی و سنتسازی" است. پژوهش حاضر در حدود دو سال و با مراجعه مستمر به حدود هشتاد روستای مختلف منطقه موکریان، واقع در جنوب استان آذربایجان غربی انجام شده است. داده-های پژوهش حاضر با توجه به ویژگیهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی جامعه روستایی مذکور، با استفاده از روش نظریه زمینهای و فنون مصاحبههای عمیق، تاریخ شفاهی و مشارکت میدانی جمعآوری شده است. به لحاظ نظری، نظریههای جدید نوسازی و نیز برخی از نظریههای مرتبط با جامعهشناسی تفسیری، راهنمای نظری بوده و به طور مشخص، نظریه تحول ارزشی اینگلهارت، نظریههای نوین نوسازی و مدرنیته بازاندیشی شده گیدنز، چهارچوب مفهومی پژوهش حاضر را تشکیل داده است. به هر حال، مشاهدات، بررسیها و "تجربه زیسته" پژوهشگر، بیانگر وقوع تغییرات متعدد و متنوع "ذهنی– عینی" در "زیست جهان" روستایی ایرانی و بهتبع آن، جامعه روستایی کرد بوده که تحت تأثیر شرایط محیط طبیعی، قرار گرفتن در نوار مرزی و مجاورت با دو کشور عراق و ترکیه، و شرایط تاریخی، سیاسی و فرهنگی خاص منطقه "موکریان"پدید آمده است. تغییرات در حوزههای "باورها و ارزشهای معنوی و مذهبی"، "ارتباط و پیوندهای اجتماعی" درونگروهی و برونگروهی در مسایل مختلف مرتبط با "خانواده" از قبیل روابط اعضای خانواده با یکدیگر، روابط زن و مرد، والدین و فرزندانشان، عشق و مسایل جنسی، طلاق، ازدواج و سنتهای مرتبط با آنها، اقتصاد و معیشت روستاییان، "سبک زندگی" شامل مواردی نظیر دکوراسیون منزل، مسکن و مصالح به کار رفته در آن، وسایل آرایشی و تزئینی و غیره و نیز "تغییرات فرهنگی و قومی" در حوزه پوشاک، موسیقی، ادبیات و هنر و نمادهای قومی و هویتی، بیانگر "امروزی شدن" انسان روستایی است. در واقع، شاهد "ایجاد برخی سنتهای امروزی و نوین" و نیز "امروزی و نوین شدن برخی سنتهای قدیمی" در جامعه روستایی ایران و بهتبع آن، کردستان هستیم. همه تغییرات فوق، زمینهساز ارائه نظریه زمینهای پژوهش، یعنی "نظریه شبه مدرنیسم روستایی با ویژگیهای ایرانی-کوردی " شده است.نزدیک به یک قرن و در دوره تاریخ معاصر ایران، شاهد تغییرات عمدهای در جنبههای مختلف زندگی جامعه شهری و روستایی ایران، به طور کلی و جامعه شهری و روستایی کردستان به طور اخص بودهایم. دامنه و شدت تغییرات مذکور، تا حدی بوده که میتوان ادعا کرد "زیست-جهان" فرد ایرانی را به نحو فراوانی دگرگون کرده است. جامعه مورد بررسی ما نیز با تلاش کم نسل اول برای حفظ ارزشهای سنتی، برای نمونه در حوزههای مذهب، خانواده، مسایل فرهنگی و اجتماعی و نیز با تلاش مضاعف نسل جوان جامعه روبروست که سازگاری بسیار بیشتری با عناصر مدرنی مانند تحصیلات نوین، رسانههای گروهی، ارزشهای دنیوی و مظاهر زندگی شهری با رویکرد مصرف و رفاه دارد. اما شایان ذکر است که همه جوامع انسانی و از جمله، جامعه کردستان درگیر فرایند پویا، همیشگی و توأمان "سنتزدایی و سنتسازی" است. پژوهش حاضر در حدود دو سال و با مراجعه مستمر به حدود هشتاد روستای مختلف منطقه موکریان، واقع در جنوب استان آذربایجان غربی انجام شده است. داده-های پژوهش حاضر با توجه به ویژگیهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی جامعه روستایی مذکور، با استفاده از روش نظریه زمینهای و فنون مصاحبههای عمیق، تاریخ شفاهی و مشارکت میدانی جمعآوری شده است. به لحاظ نظری، نظریههای جدید نوسازی و نیز برخی از نظریههای مرتبط با جامعهشناسی تفسیری، راهنمای نظری بوده و به طور مشخص، نظریه تحول ارزشی اینگلهارت، نظریههای نوین نوسازی و مدرنیته بازاندیشی شده گیدنز، چهارچوب مفهومی پژوهش حاضر را تشکیل داده است. به هر حال، مشاهدات، بررسیها و "تجربه زیسته" پژوهشگر، بیانگر وقوع تغییرات متعدد و متنوع "ذهنی– عینی" در "زیست جهان" روستایی ایرانی و بهتبع آن، جامعه روستایی کرد بوده که تحت تأثیر شرایط محیط طبیعی، قرار گرفتن در نوار مرزی و مجاورت با دو کشور عراق و ترکیه، و شرایط تاریخی، سیاسی و فرهنگی خاص منطقه "موکریان"پدید آمده است. تغییرات در حوزههای "باورها و ارزشهای معنوی و مذهبی"، "ارتباط و پیوندهای اجتماعی" درونگروهی و برونگروهی در مسایل مختلف مرتبط با "خانواده" از قبیل روابط اعضای خانواده با یکدیگر، روابط زن و مرد، والدین و فرزندانشان، عشق و مسایل جنسی، طلاق، ازدواج و سنتهای مرتبط با آنها، اقتصاد و معیشت روستاییان، "سبک زندگی" شامل مواردی نظیر دکوراسیون منزل، مسکن و مصالح به کار رفته در آن، وسایل آرایشی و تزئینی و غیره و نیز "تغییرات فرهنگی و قومی" در حوزه پوشاک، موسیقی، ادبیات و هنر و نمادهای قومی و هویتی، بیانگر "امروزی شدن" انسان روستایی است. در واقع، شاهد "ایجاد برخی سنتهای امروزی و نوین" و نیز "امروزی و نوین شدن برخی سنتهای قدیمی" در جامعه روستایی ایران و بهتبع آن، کردستان هستیم. همه تغییرات فوق، زمینهساز ارائه نظریه زمینهای پژوهش، یعنی "نظریه شبه مدرنیسم روستایی با ویژگیهای ایرانی-کوردی " شده است.https://jrd.ut.ac.ir/article_30284_e7eb68de1321432492964e019cdcf6d7.pdfThe Faculty of Social Sciences, University of TehranCommunity Development (Rural and Urban Communities)2008-89814220130219Rural governance and rural cooperatives in IranRural governance and rural cooperatives in Iran25463028510.22059/jrd.2013.30285FAMehdiTalebHassanBakhshizadehJournal Article19700101Since the establishment of rural cooperatives in the country more than half a century passes.Thus the study of evolution, the relationship between government and cooperatives and their role and importance in rural community development seem more essential. This paper reviews the role of rural cooperatives from rural governance view in Iran. For this purpose, a definition of democracy in rural cooperatives in Iran has been provided. Then, the relationship between government and Rural cooperatives has been investigated, referring to rural governance view from three dimensions of coordination ,trust and control.The research method is documentary - analytical and using first hand and library resources, we tried to study the rural governance and cooperatives. The findings of this research show that in rural cooperatives, democracy has not been implemented and it has not been viewed as an effective way for development. Cooperatives can be engaged in the two sides of rule-based policies and policies for changing rules. Because of lack of clarity to cooperatives from government and villagers, no trust has been made been them. In general, before and after revolution, the government has not used the capacities of rural cooperatives and neglected their role in rural governance, while rural cooperatives are effective way for rural development in Iran.Since the establishment of rural cooperatives in the country more than half a century passes.Thus the study of evolution, the relationship between government and cooperatives and their role and importance in rural community development seem more essential. This paper reviews the role of rural cooperatives from rural governance view in Iran. For this purpose, a definition of democracy in rural cooperatives in Iran has been provided. Then, the relationship between government and Rural cooperatives has been investigated, referring to rural governance view from three dimensions of coordination ,trust and control.The research method is documentary - analytical and using first hand and library resources, we tried to study the rural governance and cooperatives. The findings of this research show that in rural cooperatives, democracy has not been implemented and it has not been viewed as an effective way for development. Cooperatives can be engaged in the two sides of rule-based policies and policies for changing rules. Because of lack of clarity to cooperatives from government and villagers, no trust has been made been them. In general, before and after revolution, the government has not used the capacities of rural cooperatives and neglected their role in rural governance, while rural cooperatives are effective way for rural development in Iran.https://jrd.ut.ac.ir/article_30285_d28213f486256f0fbff73dddbb60c9b0.pdfThe Faculty of Social Sciences, University of TehranCommunity Development (Rural and Urban Communities)2008-89814220130219A Study of the Social - economic factors affecting the collective management of water resources in Fereidoonkenar's ruralA Study of the Social - economic factors affecting the collective management of water resources in Fereidoonkenar's rural47743028610.22059/jrd.2013.30286FAMansourVosoughiAhmadMohammadiJournal Article19700101The paddy cultivation in Iran is primarily practiced by drowned method. In this method during the period of cultivation needs much water. River and rain water supply in farming season is not enough to fulfill the needs of the farming. Thus water shortage necessitates thus farmer has predict and take actions on management of existing resources and storage of waters. One of these methods in the northern provinces of Iran is keeping water in pools (Abbandans) .there is nearly 17000 hectares pools in Mazandran. Each pool generally belongs to a particular village, but their property rights are undetermined and complicated. Therefore, different government organizations and interest groups of villagers claim the ownership or management of these resources. Beginning of the decade of 1370s in most villages, in the context of public policy for fishing the sources were rented to persons. Thus the main function of these sources, i.e. cultivation waters despite the importance of its role in paddy cultivation was ignored. In this study we using different branches of rational choice theory, such as game theory, collective action and sociological approach of game theory and attempts to explain the social, economic factors influences to manage this resource and the actions of individuals and social groups in this process. Our study showed that government intervention has diminished the influences of internal social - economic factors, minimized the level of action and weakened the collective action.The paddy cultivation in Iran is primarily practiced by drowned method. In this method during the period of cultivation needs much water. River and rain water supply in farming season is not enough to fulfill the needs of the farming. Thus water shortage necessitates thus farmer has predict and take actions on management of existing resources and storage of waters. One of these methods in the northern provinces of Iran is keeping water in pools (Abbandans) .there is nearly 17000 hectares pools in Mazandran. Each pool generally belongs to a particular village, but their property rights are undetermined and complicated. Therefore, different government organizations and interest groups of villagers claim the ownership or management of these resources. Beginning of the decade of 1370s in most villages, in the context of public policy for fishing the sources were rented to persons. Thus the main function of these sources, i.e. cultivation waters despite the importance of its role in paddy cultivation was ignored. In this study we using different branches of rational choice theory, such as game theory, collective action and sociological approach of game theory and attempts to explain the social, economic factors influences to manage this resource and the actions of individuals and social groups in this process. Our study showed that government intervention has diminished the influences of internal social - economic factors, minimized the level of action and weakened the collective action.https://jrd.ut.ac.ir/article_30286_835694afb66a4382608aa62b422eff65.pdfThe Faculty of Social Sciences, University of TehranCommunity Development (Rural and Urban Communities)2008-89814220130219Evaluation of Cluster Schools Plan in rural areas of IranEvaluation of Cluster Schools Plan in rural areas of Iran75983028710.22059/jrd.2013.30287FAAhadNaveedyJournal Article19700101The purpose of this study was to evaluate the new plan of cluster schools in Iran. This plan is implemented in 8014 cluster schools in rural areas that include 72093 schools. To explore reactions and attitudes of stakeholders to cluster schools plan, 116 school managers, 246 assistants, 1138 teachers, 1230 parents, and 1847 students answered to questionnaires. Moreover, in selected provinces, 40 educational experts, 120 school managers and 90 teachers were interviewed. Data was analyzed by using statistics. The findings of present evaluation indicate that various components of the plan seem appropriate. Capacities of cluster schools for improving the quality of education are undeniable, but there are concerns about the appropriate implementation this plan under the present conditions. Although most group’s responses to questionnaires reflects their positive attitude, It should be noted that part of this attitude is probably due to "fear of evaluation" and the desire to give sociable responses. On the other hand, these positive views have been depended on abstraction of the plan from actual condition of implementation. Adopting appropriate strategies to ensure improving motivation and commitment of executors are essential at all levels of educational system and prevents depending survival plan on present minister. Implications of these results are discussed and suggestions are proposed to consider obstacles and restraining in implementation new program of cluster schools.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the new plan of cluster schools in Iran. This plan is implemented in 8014 cluster schools in rural areas that include 72093 schools. To explore reactions and attitudes of stakeholders to cluster schools plan, 116 school managers, 246 assistants, 1138 teachers, 1230 parents, and 1847 students answered to questionnaires. Moreover, in selected provinces, 40 educational experts, 120 school managers and 90 teachers were interviewed. Data was analyzed by using statistics. The findings of present evaluation indicate that various components of the plan seem appropriate. Capacities of cluster schools for improving the quality of education are undeniable, but there are concerns about the appropriate implementation this plan under the present conditions. Although most group’s responses to questionnaires reflects their positive attitude, It should be noted that part of this attitude is probably due to "fear of evaluation" and the desire to give sociable responses. On the other hand, these positive views have been depended on abstraction of the plan from actual condition of implementation. Adopting appropriate strategies to ensure improving motivation and commitment of executors are essential at all levels of educational system and prevents depending survival plan on present minister. Implications of these results are discussed and suggestions are proposed to consider obstacles and restraining in implementation new program of cluster schools.https://jrd.ut.ac.ir/article_30287_08a1196fafbc9a0fa47a525d0b0ae8dd.pdfThe Faculty of Social Sciences, University of TehranCommunity Development (Rural and Urban Communities)2008-89814220130219Poverty and the environment The case study in Sarkhoon and Bidele in Chahrmahal Va Bakhtiari ProvincePoverty and the environment The case study in Sarkhoon and Bidele in Chahrmahal Va Bakhtiari Province991203028810.22059/jrd.2013.30288FASeyed AhmadFirouzabadiDelaramAzimzadehJournal Article19700101Nowadays, many environmentalists believe that poverty is the main cause of environmental problems. They remark that poor people in their efforts to survive usually exploit the environment and impose more pressure on the natural resources. But this is just one side of the story. More recent approaches about relationship between poverty and environment emphasize on the effects of the environmental conditions on exacerbating the poor livelihood. Today's many of the vulnerable and poor people live in the marginal and remote areas. They usually face with terrible situations like pollution, low quality soil, unsustainable climate, limited land etc. This study intends to analyze the relationship between poverty and environment with a social approach. This field study accomplished in the rural area in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province. The methodology of this study is grounded theory. The results show that the environmental degradation in this area is not only caused by the poor whereas the role of the poor in degradation is much less than the industrial activities. We have found that the "conflict of benefits" as an important variable has a considerable role on this relationship. Conflict of benefits refers to conditions in which the interests of the poor locals are in contrast with the interests of the governmental and environmental organizations as well as industrial projects in the rural places.Nowadays, many environmentalists believe that poverty is the main cause of environmental problems. They remark that poor people in their efforts to survive usually exploit the environment and impose more pressure on the natural resources. But this is just one side of the story. More recent approaches about relationship between poverty and environment emphasize on the effects of the environmental conditions on exacerbating the poor livelihood. Today's many of the vulnerable and poor people live in the marginal and remote areas. They usually face with terrible situations like pollution, low quality soil, unsustainable climate, limited land etc. This study intends to analyze the relationship between poverty and environment with a social approach. This field study accomplished in the rural area in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province. The methodology of this study is grounded theory. The results show that the environmental degradation in this area is not only caused by the poor whereas the role of the poor in degradation is much less than the industrial activities. We have found that the "conflict of benefits" as an important variable has a considerable role on this relationship. Conflict of benefits refers to conditions in which the interests of the poor locals are in contrast with the interests of the governmental and environmental organizations as well as industrial projects in the rural places.https://jrd.ut.ac.ir/article_30288_7cb3583e5bc45ba5ce3ca37670a58593.pdfThe Faculty of Social Sciences, University of TehranCommunity Development (Rural and Urban Communities)2008-89814220130219A Comparative Analysis of Media Consumption in Rural and Urban Areas in IranA Comparative Analysis of Media Consumption in Rural and Urban Areas in Iran1211383028910.22059/jrd.2013.30289FAAbdolhosseinKalantariVali’ollahRostamalizadehHosseinHassaniJournal Article19700101A Comparative Analysis of Media Consumption in Rural and Urban Areas in Iran
Nowadays, Information and communication technologies play an important role in living changes and development in rural and urban areas. The changes are gradual and long time; so, everyone acknowledges today the role and impact of media in social changes and transformations; despite their strength, weakness and extent. The research analyses media consumption in Iranian rural areas, considering influence of media in development and especially, rural development. The main concentration of the research is measuring media consumption, (traditional, mass and new media) like internet as index of ICT. Clearly, the amount of media application in urban areas has been used as a comparative criterion; which could demonstrate the gap in urban and rural areas in Iran. The findings showed that the gap in all media types in considerable.
Keywords: Development, Rural Development, Communication, Media, Radio, New ICTs.
jrdA Comparative Analysis of Media Consumption in Rural and Urban Areas in Iran
Nowadays, Information and communication technologies play an important role in living changes and development in rural and urban areas. The changes are gradual and long time; so, everyone acknowledges today the role and impact of media in social changes and transformations; despite their strength, weakness and extent. The research analyses media consumption in Iranian rural areas, considering influence of media in development and especially, rural development. The main concentration of the research is measuring media consumption, (traditional, mass and new media) like internet as index of ICT. Clearly, the amount of media application in urban areas has been used as a comparative criterion; which could demonstrate the gap in urban and rural areas in Iran. The findings showed that the gap in all media types in considerable.
Keywords: Development, Rural Development, Communication, Media, Radio, New ICTs.
jrdhttps://jrd.ut.ac.ir/article_30289_1eafbc3d0ce6bb16e42c721f3375e27b.pdfThe Faculty of Social Sciences, University of TehranCommunity Development (Rural and Urban Communities)2008-89814220130219The study of Roger’s peasant Sub-culture (Case study: villages around Kahman region in Selseleh town)The study of Roger’s peasant Sub-culture (Case study: villages around Kahman region in Selseleh town)1391643029010.22059/jrd.2013.30290FAMostafaKarampoorSamanYousefvandJournal Article19700101This conducted research has engaged in investigating Roger’s peasant sub-culture along with the cultural elements which are mentioned by him as a barrier to development; until this is achieved via a comprehensive understanding of the social fabric of society. The study population is Kahman rural farmers, using and evaluating theoretical sampling of 40 farmers’ points of view, through which all the theoretical data are fully saturated. In this research, qualitative research techniques (e.g. in-depth interviews, intensive group-discussion and observation with participation) are exploited. Research findings portray that Roger’s peasant sub-culture elements proceeded, have not been consistent with the rural area Kahman; this is not only to keep the area developing but is provocative within some of them to the extent that specialized scholars have not drawn careful attention to the causes of the elements’ persistence, In the end, the author confirms the data according which These sub-cultures and native traditions are not necessarily in conflict together as a barrier ,but as a refuge and as a rival for the development. Also just in case of clarification, the use of the term “local sub-culture”, which is (in this research elements) the rival and shelter of development, should be proposed to take over from Roger’s peasant sub-culture (development barrier). The current study can be considered as a research from a novel perspective in view of regions, traditions and especially sub-cultures with due to development, because the findings are referring to the progressing influence of local sub-culture on the case-study aimed village’s development.This conducted research has engaged in investigating Roger’s peasant sub-culture along with the cultural elements which are mentioned by him as a barrier to development; until this is achieved via a comprehensive understanding of the social fabric of society. The study population is Kahman rural farmers, using and evaluating theoretical sampling of 40 farmers’ points of view, through which all the theoretical data are fully saturated. In this research, qualitative research techniques (e.g. in-depth interviews, intensive group-discussion and observation with participation) are exploited. Research findings portray that Roger’s peasant sub-culture elements proceeded, have not been consistent with the rural area Kahman; this is not only to keep the area developing but is provocative within some of them to the extent that specialized scholars have not drawn careful attention to the causes of the elements’ persistence, In the end, the author confirms the data according which These sub-cultures and native traditions are not necessarily in conflict together as a barrier ,but as a refuge and as a rival for the development. Also just in case of clarification, the use of the term “local sub-culture”, which is (in this research elements) the rival and shelter of development, should be proposed to take over from Roger’s peasant sub-culture (development barrier). The current study can be considered as a research from a novel perspective in view of regions, traditions and especially sub-cultures with due to development, because the findings are referring to the progressing influence of local sub-culture on the case-study aimed village’s development.https://jrd.ut.ac.ir/article_30290_1c76a2839eca8d9cbd3e4feb73abbae2.pdfThe Faculty of Social Sciences, University of TehranCommunity Development (Rural and Urban Communities)2008-89814220130219Comparison between the Independent Family Croppers and Sharecroppers The comparison between family farming exploitation and cooperative farming exploitation, a model for farming exploitation systemComparison between the Independent Family Croppers and Sharecroppers The comparison between family farming exploitation and cooperative farming exploitation, a model for farming exploitation system1651933029110.22059/jrd.2013.30291FAShapourSalmanvandiMohsenEbrahimpourJournal Article19700101This research aims to compare family farming exploitation with cooperative farming exploitation. We mean by cooperative farming exploitation, in this research, is the cooperation between small exploiters as land, water and work force owners and private agro-industrial complexes which possess modern technology and knowledge. In this study the population includes 2000 vegetable growers in Kermanshah city of Iran. Our sample consists of 170 independent vegetable growers along with 170 cooperative exploiters that were in cooperation with ROJIN-TAK agro-industrial complex, were selected by using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and studied. The collecting data methods used in this survey were preparation of questioners and qualitative research methods such as open interviews and focus groups. The validity of the questioners was verified by specialists in this field of study. Using Cronbach’s alpha, the reliability of questioners was also measured with %71. The findings show that there is a meaningful difference between the two groups, the independent vegetable growers and cooperative agro-industrial exploiters, in terms of cultivation diversity, cultivation experience, tendency towards modernizing agricultural methods, employing new agricultural technical methods, the amount and quality of harvested crops in each hectare. The results also show that the agro-industrial complex studied here could attract the confidence and cooperation of small exploiters through education and generalizing new agricultural methods, strengthening the spirit of cooperation and collective work, and providing free agricultural services, and, finally, compounding local knowledge and modern agricultural methods. The complex has also been able to improve the performance of tomato cultivation and increase the income dramatically. The model provided in this research is a mixture of family farming exploitation and private agro-industrial complexes.This research aims to compare family farming exploitation with cooperative farming exploitation. We mean by cooperative farming exploitation, in this research, is the cooperation between small exploiters as land, water and work force owners and private agro-industrial complexes which possess modern technology and knowledge. In this study the population includes 2000 vegetable growers in Kermanshah city of Iran. Our sample consists of 170 independent vegetable growers along with 170 cooperative exploiters that were in cooperation with ROJIN-TAK agro-industrial complex, were selected by using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, and studied. The collecting data methods used in this survey were preparation of questioners and qualitative research methods such as open interviews and focus groups. The validity of the questioners was verified by specialists in this field of study. Using Cronbach’s alpha, the reliability of questioners was also measured with %71. The findings show that there is a meaningful difference between the two groups, the independent vegetable growers and cooperative agro-industrial exploiters, in terms of cultivation diversity, cultivation experience, tendency towards modernizing agricultural methods, employing new agricultural technical methods, the amount and quality of harvested crops in each hectare. The results also show that the agro-industrial complex studied here could attract the confidence and cooperation of small exploiters through education and generalizing new agricultural methods, strengthening the spirit of cooperation and collective work, and providing free agricultural services, and, finally, compounding local knowledge and modern agricultural methods. The complex has also been able to improve the performance of tomato cultivation and increase the income dramatically. The model provided in this research is a mixture of family farming exploitation and private agro-industrial complexes.https://jrd.ut.ac.ir/article_30291_c2897587d507dbaedcfe8300c1445a6c.pdf